Sterosome: An Advanced Non-Phospholipid Vesicular Drug Delivery System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63224/tnm.2025.1.002Keywords:
Vesicular drug delivery system, Liposomes, Sterosomes, Cancer treatment, Bone regeneration, Gene delivery, Dental deliveryAbstract
The growing number of problems linked to pharmaceuticals that have emanated from varied chemical and biological backgrounds has prompted scientists to seek out newer molecules and develop new methods and means of delivering them. Using unique drug delivery systems or techniques, both old and new compounds can be delivered to the site of need in a defined manner. Liposomes are regarded as an almost ideal drug-carrier system due to their morphology, similar to that of biological membranes, as well as their ability to incorporate drugs and transport both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules, making them the most studied drug nanocarrier. However, liposomes face several limitations, including low encapsulation efficiencies, premature release of hydrophilic pharmaceuticals, and variable stability depending on the specific encapsulated drugs. These challenges have driven the need for modifications, leading to the development of a novel class of liposomes known as sterosomes. Sterosomes are composed of non-phospholipid, single-chain amphiphilic molecules with high sterol content, offering enhanced properties compared to conventional liposomes. At the nanoscale, sterosomes are produced as massive unilamellar vesicular systems with a diameter that can be modified based on the pore size of the filter employed in the extrusion system. They also exhibit the unique benefit of monomodal dispersion and low permeability of bilayers and have proven to be more stable than conventional liposomes. As a result, sterosomes hold significant potential to overcome the limitations associated with traditional liposomes. However, only a limited number of studies have explored their use as nanocarriers for enhancing the treatment of various diseases. Despite this, sterosomes represent a promising and innovative non-phospholipid liposomal platform for drug delivery, offering unique advantages that warrant further investigation. This review focuses on sterosomes as an emerging drug delivery system, highlighting their advantages, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and recent applications in disease treatment. In addition, it examines their inherent functionality and provides recommendations for future applications, as sterosomes have demonstrated considerable potential in addressing a wide range of diseases.
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